Introduction

Importance of hardware in computing
which takes inputs processes is it and produces the output accordingly
it also store information in memory this diagram stores basic operation flow on computer
common the are characteri sticst
computer understands machine
language that can’t be understandable by the human computer
recognizes values in the forms of zeros or ones accuracy repetitive task and
tire lessone work computing the hardware physical components of a
computer system
it is abbreviated as computer.
Input Devices
how in short computer parts which can physically touch four categories
input devices for raw data input processing devices to process raw
data instructions into information output devices to disseminate data and
information storage devices for data and information retention.
input devices keyboard is the most popular and commonly used input device
it is just like a typewriter with additional keys for special purposes typing keys alphabet keys
a to z and number keys 0 to 9. function keys 12 function
keys used for specific purposes control keys these are crsor and
screen control keys example arrow keys page up page down control alternate escape home end
Definition and explanation of input devices
insert and delete operator and special character keys special purpose
keys enter backspace num lock caps lock shift space bar tab scroll lock sleep and
print screen numeric keypad quick and easy reference keys numbers arrow keys operator keys etc
mouse popular pointing selection and cursor control device microphone
it is used to rrecordand sound then stored in the digital form mainly used in multimedia
works joystick is also a pointing device that is used to move
The cursor position on a screen it is mainly used in games light pen is a pointing device similar to a pen
used to select a menu item or draw pictures on the screen scanner
Examples of input devices (keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.)
it works like a photocopy or xerox machine it transfers information available on paper into digital format and
stores it in the computer memory barcode reader
it is used for reading barcoded data in the form of light and dark
lines barcoded data is generally used in labeling
items numbering the books etc optical character reader ocr
it is used to scan printed text optically and converts them into readable text and store
it in a computer memory magnetic kink card reader micr microo is used in banks
where to read bank’s code number and check number are printed
on the checks with a special type of ink optical mark reader omr
Output Devices
it is an optical scanner used to recognize the type of mark made bya pen or pencil
it is specially used for checking
the answer sheets of examinations having multiple choice questions monitor
the most common computer output device just like tv
it comes in various sizes and resolutions monitor the resolution
it describes the visual dimensions of any given display expressed in terms of
width and height monitor resolution is comprised of a specific number of pixels
crt cathode ray this uses phosphorescent dots to generate
the pixels that constitute displayed images bulk in size and weight
flat panel screen makes use of liquid crystals or plasma to produce output
light is passed through the liquid crystals to generate pixels
lcd liquid crystal display led light emitting diodes printer generates
a hard copy of documents and photographs typically on a paper impact printer works
by direct contact of an ink ribbon with paper non-impact printer uses
laser zero graphic electrostatic chemical and inkjet technologies header set is a combination of speakers and ma icrophone.
Definition and explanation of output devices
it is mostly used by gamers video conferences online meetingsvideo etc
speakers are to facilitate the output of digital sound projector device projects a computer created image onto
another surface usually whiteboard or wall
it is most widely used for presentations or for viewing vplotss plot a device generates
a hard copy of a digitally depicted design is generally used with architect or engineering applications.
motthe herboard is the most essential part of a computer system it connects
all the parts of a computer together both internal and external components of
the computer uses various slots and ports microprocessor’s central
processing unit cpu microprocessor heart of the computer is an electronic component
That controls all functions of a computer system.
It is located inside the computer case on the motherboard
It is a single integrated chip ic containing billions of very small components including transistors resistors and
diodes that work together the microprocessor functions as an artificial brain
all the arithmetical and logical functions are done by its random access memory ram
Is a computer’s primary memory it is a very fast solid-state storage medium
That is directly accessible by the CPU any open programs or files on a computer are temporarily stored in the ram
Examples of output devices (monitor, printer, speakers, etc.)
whilst being used being volatile any data storedthe in ram will be lost when power is lost read only memory
rom is a type of primary storage medium that permanently stores data on
pcs and other electronic devices it contains the programming needed to start a pc
which is essential for boot up it performs major input slash
output tasks and holds programs or software instructions.
Importance of output devices
it is part of the bios chip which is locatedPC’spc’s motherboard hard disk drives are non-volatile magnetic
secondary storage devices capable of remembering vast amounts of data in gigabytes or terabytes
two types internal and external uses desktop pcs laptops tv and
satellite recorders servers and mainframes solid-state drive
SSD is non-volatile secondary storage device capable of holding large amounts of data
it uses flash memories and millions of transistors
wired in a series on a circuit board giving it the advantage of having
no mechanical moving parts and therefore a faster transfer of data than
hard disk drives it is more expensivand e uses high-end pcs laptops smartphones tablets etc.
Storage Devices
flash storage devices are non-volatile solid-state secondary storage devices which thatinth flash memories
to store data millions of transistors pen drives used in the computers memory
cards used in digital cameras mobile phones tablets etc flash storage devices are portable
and comes in a variety of capacities to suit most budgets and requirements cd dvd
blu-rays are optical secondary storage disks binary data is stored as changes to
the texture of the disk surface sometimes thought of as microscopic pits
and bumps disc capacity is cd 700 megabytes dvd 4.7 gigabytes blu-ray
25 gigabytes to 128 gigabytes optical disk drive this device reads writes rewrites
data on optical disks through laser beaming technology common optical drives are cd dvd blu-ray drives.
Definition and explanation of storage devices
Two types of internal and external drives CPU slot the processor socket
is the connector on the motherboard that connects a microprocessor cpu fan
will be placed above the processor ram slots ram slots for attaching ram
chips to motherboard pci slot peripheral component interface slotallows
to insert expansion cards into computer motherboards like network cards sound cards modems video cards agp
slot accelerated graphics port is a high-speed point-to-point channel for
attaching a video card to the motherboard sata serial attached this port connects
hard disk drive or DVD drive into motherboard id controller integrated drive electronics
connects old type of hard drive or cd drive into motherboard floppy controller
in old motherboard, the floppy drive connects toa computer via a 34 pin ribbon
cablCMOSos battery complementary metal oxide.
Examples of storage devices (hard disk drive, solid-state drive, USB flash drive, etc.)
semiconductor is used to stop ios setting in the computer motherboard CMOS
battery is the power backup for CMOS settings ps2 used to connect a keyboard
and mouse usb universal serial bus used to connect mouse keyboards scanners
cameras printers USB storage devices to compute a motherboard parallel
connector old printers are used to connect by the parallel port whuses use a
25-pin female db connector serial connector
it used to connect the serial device to the computer and is capable of transmitting
one bit at a time serial ports are nine pins connectors usually identified as com
ports vga video graphics adapter used to connect monitor to the video port line
out it used to connect speakers or headphones into the line out jack line in the line
in jack allows us to listen to our computer using a stereo system HDMI high definition multimedia
interface is a connector and cable capable of transmitting high-quality and high
bandwidth streams of audio and video between devices the HDMI technology is
used with devices such as an HDTV projector dvd player or blu-ray player game port.
Importance of storage devices
if we have a joystick musical midi keyboard or another gaming device this is
where we plug it into a network or ethernet port you can connect your computer to
a network by plugging in an ethernet cable in this port scuzzy is used to connect a
hard drive to a computer switching mode power supply smps is an electronic power
supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently
SMPS transfers power from a dc or ac source often means power to dc loads such as a
pcs while converting voltage and current characteristics smps provides the necessary
electrical power to make the computer system operate the power supply takes
standard 230 ac power and converts into plus or minus 12 volts plus or minus
5 volt and 3.3 volt dc power a 20 plus 4 pins connectors which supply power to the motherboard
typical back panel of a computer shown here this may ease understanding and connect
The appropriate peripherals for a computer.
Conclusion
Understanding the different types of hardware and their importance can help individuals make informed decisions when purchasing or building a computer system. It is crucial to consider factors such as compatibility, performance, and reliability when selecting hardware components. By doing so, individuals can ensure that their computer system runs efficiently and meets their specific needs.
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